Rabies

05/22/2024
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Key Information

  • Disease: Rabies is a rare viral infection of the central nervous system, most often transmitted through the bite of an infected mammal.
  • Pre-exposure Immunization: Recommended for high-risk individuals (e.g., certain travelers, occupational exposure).
  • Post-exposure Prophylaxis: Highly effective when administered promptly and appropriately.

Epidemiology

  • Infectious Agent: Rabies virus, an RNA virus of the Rhabdoviridae family.
  • Reservoirs: Mammals, including dogs, bats, skunks, raccoons, and foxes.
  • Transmission: Through bites, scratches, or contact with mucous membranes.

Recommendations for Use

  • Pre-exposure: For individuals at high risk of exposure.
  • Post-exposure: Based on risk assessment, immediate wound cleaning, administration of rabies immunoglobulin, and rabies vaccine.

Preparations Authorized for Use in Canada

Vaccine Administration

  • Pre-exposure: Three doses on days 0, 7, and 21-28.
  • Post-exposure: Includes local wound treatment, rabies immunoglobulin, and a series of rabies vaccines.

Safety and Adverse Events

  • Common adverse reactions include injection site reactions (pain, erythema, swelling, and itching).
  • Rare severe reactions such as anaphylaxis.
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Written By Paul Kim

Medical Director - APN, NSWOC, RNP

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